Every firearms class we teach starts in the same place: the four universal safety rules. They are simple, they work together, and they are built so that if you break one, the others still keep everyone safe.
Rule 1: Treat every firearm as if it is loaded
Never rely on someone telling you a gun is unloaded, and never rely on your own memory. Every time you pick up a firearm, open the action and check it yourself, then keep treating it as loaded.
Rule 2: Never point the muzzle at anything you are not willing to destroy
Muzzle discipline is a habit, not a moment. Whether you are drawing, holstering, cleaning, or handing a firearm to someone else, know where the muzzle is pointing at every second.
Rule 3: Keep your finger off the trigger until you have made the decision to shoot
Keep your finger straight along the frame and out of the trigger guard until your sights are on the target and you have decided to fire. Most negligent discharges start with a finger on the trigger at the wrong time.
Rule 4: Know your target, its surroundings, and what is beyond
A bullet does not stop at the target. Identify what you are shooting at, and make sure you understand what is around it and behind it before you fire. This rule matters at the range, in the field, and especially in a defensive situation.
Safety is a habit you build
Reading the rules is the easy part. Making them automatic takes practice and good coaching. If you are new to firearms, our new shooter courses walk you through each rule hands-on. If you already carry, a refresher is a smart way to check your habits.
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This article is general information for education, not legal advice. Firearm laws change, so confirm current requirements with the Illinois State Police or a qualified attorney before you act.